The Mughal Empire

 The Mughal Empire, which ruled large parts of South Asia from the early 16th to the mid-18th century, saw a succession of emperors from Babur to Bahadur Shah I. Here's a list of the Mughal emperors along with their reigns and notable imperial princes until 1707:

### Mughal Emperors and Their Reigns

1. **Babur** (reigned 1526–1530)

   - Founder of the Mughal Empire after the Battle of Panipat in 1526.

2. **Humayun** (reigned 1530–1540 and 1555–1556)

   - Faced defeat and exile by Sher Shah Suri but regained his throne with Persian help.

3. **Akbar** (reigned 1556–1605)

   - Known for his policy of religious tolerance and the establishment of a centralized administrative system.

4. **Jahangir** (reigned 1605–1627)

   - Continued Akbar's policies, his reign marked by cultural and artistic achievements.

5. **Shah Jahan** (reigned 1628–1658)

   - Known for architectural achievements like the Taj Mahal and the Peacock Throne.

6. **Aurangzeb** (reigned 1658–1707)

   - Expanded the empire to its greatest extent but his policies led to internal strife and rebellion.

### Notable Imperial Princes until 1707

- **Humayun**'s brothers:

  - Kamran Mirza

  - Askari Mirza

  - Hindal Mirza

- **Akbar**'s sons:

  - Jahangir (Salim)

  - Murad Mirza

  - Daniyal Mirza

- **Jahangir**'s sons:

  - Khusrau Mirza

  - Parviz Mirza

  - Shah Jahan (Khurram)

  - Shahryar Mirza

- **Shah Jahan**'s sons:

  - Dara Shikoh

  - Shah Shuja

  - Aurangzeb (Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad)

  - Murad Bakhsh

- **Aurangzeb**'s sons:

  - Muhammad Azam Shah

  - Bahadur Shah I (Muazzam)

  - Muhammad Akbar

  - Kam Bakhsh

### Important Events and Succession Conflicts

- **Babur**'s initial establishment of the empire in 1526.

- **Humayun**'s struggle and eventual restoration.

- **Akbar**'s consolidation and expansion, introducing policies of integration and tolerance.

- **Jahangir**'s cultural patronage and dealing with internal conflicts.

- **Shah Jahan**'s architectural advancements and struggle for succession among his sons.

- **Aurangzeb**'s expansion and the religious policy shift, leading to internal revolts.

The Mughal Empire saw a mixture of stability and turmoil, with periods of great cultural achievements and times of intense power struggles among the royal family.