After losing to Babur in the Battle of Khanwa, Rana Sanga managed to escape in an injured condition. He survived the Mughals in the battle but was poisoned to death by his own Rajput feudal lords.
After Rana Sanga's death, his wife Rani Karnavati tried to take over the power by placing her son Uday Singh on the throne but she could not rule for long. The Rajput feudal lords sent an invitation to Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat to remove Rani Karnavati from power. Sultan Bahadur Shah set out to attack Chittor, this news also reached Rani Karnavati.
Rani Karnavati sent a Rakhi and asked for help from Mughal Emperor Humayun. On receiving the letter, Humayun left his Bengal campaign incomplete and headed towards Chittor. That was the era of riding elephants and horses. It was not easy to cover hundreds of kilometres with the army and it was bound to take time.
Humayun reached Chittor but it was too late by then. On 8 March 1535, Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat attacked the Chittorgarh fort. Queen Karnavati had committed Jauhar and had perished in the fire. When this news reached Emperor Humayun, he was very saddened that he could not save Queen Karnavati. Humayun attacked Bahadur Shah, won and handed over the entire rule to Queen Karnavati's successor Vikramjit Singh.
But after some time, Rajput feudal lords, including Rana Sanga's brother Banveer Singh, killed their nephew Vikramaditya Singh.
Who was a patriot, who was loyal, who was an enemy, who was a Jihadi in this historical event?...
Who was a looter, who was a traitor and who was a terrorist?
The Mughal Saltanat, or Mughal Empire, was a significant historical empire in South Asia that lasted from the early 16th century to the mid-19th century. Founded by Babur in 1526 after his victory at the Battle of Panipat, the Mughal Empire is known for its extensive cultural, architectural, and administrative contributions to the region.
### Key Aspects of the Mughal Empire:
1. **Founders and Rulers**:
- **Babur** (1526-1530): Founder of the empire, descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan.
- **Humayun** (1530-1540, 1555-1556): Babur's son, faced initial setbacks but regained the throne.
- **Akbar the Great** (1556-1605): Known for his administrative reforms, religious tolerance, and patronage of the arts.
- **Jahangir** (1605-1627): Continued Akbar's policies, known for his love of art and architecture.
- **Shah Jahan** (1628-1658): Commissioned the Taj Mahal, known for architectural achievements.
- **Aurangzeb** (1658-1707): Expanded the empire to its greatest extent but also faced significant internal strife.
2. **Administration**:
- The Mughal administrative system was highly centralized and bureaucratic.
- Divided into provinces called "Subahs," each governed by a Subahdar.
- Implemented a land revenue system known as "Zabt," which was efficient and systematic.
3. **Culture and Society**:
- The Mughal period saw a flourishing of arts, including Mughal painting, architecture, and literature.
- Prominent architectural achievements include the Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, and Jama Masjid.
- Persian language and culture significantly influenced the empire, blending with local traditions.
4. **Economy**:
- The Mughal economy was robust, based on agriculture, trade, and manufacturing.
- They facilitated internal and international trade, establishing a strong commercial network.
5. **Decline**:
- The empire began to decline in the early 18th century due to internal conflicts, weak successors, and external invasions.
- The British East India Company played a significant role in the eventual dissolution of the empire, with the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, being deposed in 1857 after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
The Mughal Empire left a lasting legacy on the Indian subcontinent, influencing its culture, architecture, and social structure.
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