Sultan Salah-ud-Din Ayubi,

 Sultan Salah-ud-Din Ayubi, also known as Saladin, was a prominent Muslim military leader and sultan during the 12th century. He is best known for his leadership during the Crusades, particularly for recapturing Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187, an event that marked a turning point in the history of the Crusades.

Here are some key points about Saladin:

1. **Early Life and Rise to Power**: Saladin was born in Tikrit (modern-day Iraq) in 1137 or 1138. He belonged to a Kurdish family and began his military career under his uncle Shirkuh, a general of the Zengid dynasty.

2. **Formation of the Ayyubid Dynasty**: After the death of his uncle, Saladin rose to power, eventually founding the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt in 1171 by overthrowing the Fatimid Caliphate.

3. **Unification of Muslim Forces**: Saladin is renowned for uniting various Muslim factions in the Middle East, including Syria, Egypt, and parts of Mesopotamia. His ability to consolidate power was crucial in mounting a successful defense against the Crusaders.

4. **Battle of Hattin**: One of Saladin's most famous military victories was the Battle of Hattin in 1187. This decisive battle led to the capture of Jerusalem and significantly weakened the Crusader states in the Levant.

5. **Recapture of Jerusalem**: Saladin's capture of Jerusalem on October 2, 1187, was a landmark event. Unlike the Crusaders, who had massacred the city's Muslim and Jewish inhabitants in 1099, Saladin showed notable clemency, allowing many Christians to ransom themselves and ensuring the city's holy sites were protected.

6. **Third Crusade**: Saladin's success prompted the Third Crusade, led by European monarchs such as Richard the Lionheart, Philip II of France, and Frederick Barbarossa. Despite several battles, the Crusaders were unable to recapture Jerusalem, although a treaty was negotiated allowing Christian pilgrims access to the city.

7. **Legacy and Death**: Saladin is remembered for his chivalry, leadership, and efforts to unify the Muslim world. He died in 1193 in Damascus. His legacy endures both in the Muslim world, where he is celebrated as a hero, and in the West, where he is often respected as a noble adversary.

Saladin's life and achievements have left a lasting imprint on both Middle Eastern and Western historical narratives, embodying themes of military prowess, leadership, and the complex interplay of religious and political dynamics during the Crusades.