Chandni Chowk, one of the oldest and busiest markets in Old Delhi, India, has a rich and storied history. It was originally established in the 17th century by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and designed by his daughter, Jahanara Begum. The market was part of Shah Jahan's new capital, Shahjahanabad, which is now known as Old Delhi.
At its inception, Chandni Chowk was a wide, tree-lined avenue with a canal running through its center, reflecting the moonlight and hence earning its name, which means "Moonlight Square" in Hindi. The area was meticulously planned and was famous for its cleanliness, beautiful gardens, and grand mansions of the nobles.
Over the centuries, as the population grew and the city expanded, Chandni Chowk transformed into a bustling commercial hub. The canal was eventually covered over, and the area became more congested and chaotic, characteristic of its present-day atmosphere. Despite these changes, Chandni Chowk remains an iconic and vibrant part of Delhi, known for its historical significance, diverse markets, and rich cultural heritage.
Chandni Chowk, one of Delhi's most famous and historic markets, was established in the 17th century by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. It was part of Shah Jahan's new capital, Shahjahanabad, now known as Old Delhi. The market was designed by his favorite daughter, Jahanara Begum.
### Key Points in History:
**17th Century:**
- **Foundation and Design:** Chandni Chowk was designed to be a grand marketplace. It featured a wide, tree-lined boulevard with a canal running through its center, which reflected the moonlight and inspired the name "Chandni Chowk" (Moonlight Square). The canal was fed by the River Yamuna and added to the beauty and utility of the area.
- **Architecture and Layout:** The market was flanked by mansions of the nobility, exquisite gardens, and shops selling goods from all over the world. At one end was the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort, while the Fatehpuri Mosque marked the other end.
**18th and 19th Centuries:**
- **Development:** Over time, the area grew more congested as the population increased and commercial activities expanded. The canal was eventually covered over due to practical needs, and the market began to take on its current bustling form.
- **British Colonial Era:** During British rule, Chandni Chowk remained a prominent commercial center. The British made some structural changes, but the area retained much of its original character.
**Post-Independence:**
- **Modern Era:** After India gained independence in 1947, Chandni Chowk continued to be a vital commercial hub. It became known for its variety of goods, including textiles, jewelry, electronics, and street food.
- **Cultural Significance:** The area is home to several historic landmarks, including the Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Gauri Shankar Temple, and the Sis Ganj Gurudwara. It also hosts a variety of cultural and religious festivals throughout the year.
### Present Day:
Today, Chandni Chowk is synonymous with the old-world charm of Delhi. Despite its congestion and the modernization around it, it continues to draw visitors for its vibrant market atmosphere, historical significance, and rich cultural heritage. The area has seen efforts to revitalize and preserve its historical identity while accommodating the needs of a modern metropolis.
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